03. September 2018

Nowadays, the freeze-drying of liposome dispersions is still necessary to provide a solid dosage form intended for different routes of administration (i.e., parenteral, oral, nasal and/or pulmonary). However, after decades of studies the optimization of process conditions remains still challenging since the freezing and the dehydration destabilize the vesicle organization with the concomitant drug leakage. Starting from the thermal properties of phospholipids, this work reviews the main...

03. March 2018

The paper reports on the development of a numerical model for the simulation of a lyophilization process in a vial. Experimental analysis is presented of lyophilization dynamics inside a single vial in a laboratory scale lyophilizer. The problems of lyophilization modelling of a mannitol water solution are covered in detail. The effects of the small scale of the laboratory device with respect to a correct definition of boundary conditions for the numerical simulations are described, especially t